幼兒英語早教----幼兒健康（1）

 幼兒英語早教----幼兒健康

     Perhaps the best evidence for such a capacity to convey average, rather than transient, ecological information, comes from studies of the effects of a mother’s nutrition on the birth weight of her baby.60 Studies generally find that birth weights tend to be lighter in populations in which nutrition has been marginal for multi generations. Despite this evidence for environmental influence on fetal growth rate and birth size supmenting pregnant women generally has minimal effects on the birth weight of offspring. Thus, it appears that long-term history in an environment may be an important influence on the resources transferred in support of offspring growth, but that fluctuations in intake during pregnancy itself, reflected for instance in dietary supmentation, have comparably modes effects.  This phenotypic inertia—reflecting the lingering biological but non-genetic effects of the mother’s average experiences in the past—could allow the fetus to track those dynamic features of environments that are relatively stable on the timescale of decades or several generations (see Refs 60 and 68). This could allow adjustment to environmental changes that are too rapid to result In modifications in gene frequencies via natural selection, which requires many generations, but that are too chronic to be buffered efficiently by reversible homeostatic processes. In this way, the mother’s body could pass biological “memories”, reflecting her own lifetime of experiences in the local environment, to her developing offspring allowing developmental adjustments to be made in anticipation of conditions likely to be experienced locally.